Spectrum of Intracranial Complications in Patients with Dental Abscess

Abstract

Objective:  To analyze the demographic characteristics, primary dental infections, and spectrum of intracranial complications in patients diagnosed with intracranial infections secondary to dental abscesses.

Materials & Methods:  This retrospective observational study reviewed data from 180 patients diagnosed with intracranial complications resulting from dental abscesses at Lady Reading Hospital over 15 months (January 2024 to March 2025). Data collected from electronic medical records included patient demographics, type and location of dental abscess, microbiological findings, and intracranial complications confirmed by CT or MRI. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors.

Results:  The mean age of patients was 45.1 years. The most common primary dental infection was periapical abscess (60%). The most frequent intracranial complication was brain abscess (35%), followed by meningitis (20%) and cavernous sinus thrombosis (25%). Older age, diabetes mellitus, and immunocompromised status were identified as significant risk factors for brain abscess development.

Conclusion:  Intracranial complications secondary to dental abscesses represent a significant clinical concern. Early diagnosis and prompt management are crucial to improving patient outcomes. This study highlights the demographic and clinical patterns of these infections, which can aid in risk stratification and timely intervention.