Outcomes of Neuronavigation-Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objectives:  Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is the buildup of pressure inside the skull that presents mostly as a headache. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are the treatment of choice. Given the challenge of canulating slit ventricles, this study evaluates the outcomes of neuronavigation-guided VP shunt placement.

Materials & Methods:  Patients undergoing neuronavigation-guided VP shunt placement were included from January 2021 to June 2024. Patient demographics, clinical signs and symptoms, Body Mass Index (BMI), operative details, and outcomes were recorded. Primary outcomes assessed were predisposing factors, symptom improvement, complication rates, and revision surgery. SPSS v.27 was used for data analysis.

Results:  A total of 21 patients were included in this study who reported a statistically significant improvement in symptoms following VP shunt placement (p<0.05). Headache relief and visual improvement were the most notable outcomes, with 94% of patients experiencing substantial benefit. One patient had suboptimal placement, and one patient developed a superficial SSI. Both patients were discharged without any complications after treatment. None of the patients included in the study developed low-pressure headaches.

Conclusion:  This study reports improved outcomes with Neuronavigation-guided VP shunt placement, resulting in improved surgeon confidence and reduced risk of shunt malposition. Further multicenter, large sample size studies are needed to validate these outcomes.