Comprehensive Analysis of Spinal Dysraphism: Early Institutional Experience at Pediatric Neurosurgery of Punjab Institute of Neurosciences

Abstract

Objective:  To examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients presenting with spinal dysraphism.

Material and Methods:  This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences in Lahore and included data from patients aged <16 years with spinal dysraphism over 7 months from March 2023 to September 2023. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0.

Results:  Among 32 patients, age distribution: <1 year (37.5%, mean age: 5.58±2.31 months), 1-4 years (25%, mean age: 3.25±0.6 years), 5-15 years (37.5%, mean age: 11±2.6 years). Gender: 22 males (68.75%), 10 females (31.25%). The most prevalent clinical presentations were Myelomeningocele (18.75%) and Meningocele (15.63%), both predominantly observed in patients under 1 year of age. Among the cutaneous findings, Fluid sacs (34.38%) and Tuft of Hair (15.63%) were the most common. In terms of other clinical findings, Lower Limb Weakness (50.00%) and Lower Limb Muscle Atrophy (21.88%) had the highest percentages.

Conclusion:  The study revealed a diverse age distribution, with Myelomeningocele and Meningocele being common clinical presentations, especially in infants. Some of the physical signs of the condition included a fluid sac. a tuft of hair on the back, and weak and underdeveloped leg muscles.